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  1. #926
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    NASA wants to build a huge radio telescope inside a crater on the Moon: https://gizmodo.com/nasa-funds-propo...-th-1842880061

  2. #927
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    https://apple.news/AjOqWqRbBTwK7Yw1lQfuaDw

    Conway’s knot solution by young mathmatician
    The question asked whether the Conway knot—a snarl discovered more than half a century ago by the legendary mathematician John Horton Conway—is a slice of a higher-dimensional knot. “Sliceness” is one of the first natural questions knot theorists ask about knots in higher-dimensional spaces, and mathematicians had been able to answer it for all of the thousands of knots with 12 or fewer crossings—except one. The Conway knot, which has 11 crossings, had thumbed its nose at mathematicians for decades.
    Before the week was out, Piccirillo had an answer: The Conway knot is not “slice.” A few days later, she met with Cameron Gordon, a professor at UT Austin, and casually mentioned her solution.

  3. #928
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    Quote Originally Posted by ::: ::: View Post
    https://apple.news/AjOqWqRbBTwK7Yw1lQfuaDw

    Conway’s knot solution by young mathmatician
    Smoke show too. Is it so wrong that the whole time I read that I was fixated on tonguing her balloon knot?


  4. #929
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    CERN approves plans to build 62-mile, 100 TeV super-collider: https://www.engadget.com/cern-super-...092412017.html

  5. #930
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    Discovery of new particle announced by CERN: https://phys.org/news/2020-07-exotic-particle-cern.html

  6. #931
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    Nov 2008
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    4 charm quarks = covid 19 dandruff

  7. #932
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    Dec 2012
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    17,706
    This is an interesting article on what would happen to language on an interstellar mission. I already can't understand SFB.

    https://www.universetoday.com/146889...ellar-flights/

    In this study, McKenzie and Punske discuss how languages evolve over time whenever communities grow isolated from one another. This would certainly be the case in the event of a long interstellar voyage and/or as a result of interplanetary colonization. Eventually, this could mean that the language of the colonists would be unintelligible to the people of Earth, should they meet up again later.
    "timberridge is terminally vapid" -- a fortune cookie in Yueyang

  8. #933
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    Nov 2008
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    Conclusion: SFB did in fact come from another planet.
    A planet with fish.
    Most likely carp.

  9. #934
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    Feb 2015
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    MA
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    Cool Science thread

    Any marine dentalogists able to identify this thing? Mrs Jupiter found it in the water on an inshore sand bar in the Cape Ann area of Mass over the weekend. Looks and feels like cartilage. It’s common to see deer in the marshes so it could be from a land animal, I’m hoping it’s something cooler than a bone from a deer. Happy to take more pics.

    Click image for larger version. 

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    Click image for larger version. 

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    Last edited by Self Jupiter; 07-20-2020 at 03:00 PM.

  10. #935
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    Does it have batteries?
    Daniel Ortega eats here.

  11. #936
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    MA
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  12. #937
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    Dec 2012
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    Mars, here we come again. No mention of Perseverance's successful launch today? Or all you people too caught up arguing politics in the PR to notice?
    "timberridge is terminally vapid" -- a fortune cookie in Yueyang

  13. #938
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    Feb 2004
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    208 State
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    NOAA had a satelite capture of the launch:
    https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=932272273866193

  14. #939
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    Carbondale
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    Quote Originally Posted by Timberridge View Post
    Mars, here we come again. No mention of Perseverance's successful launch today? Or all you people too caught up arguing politics in the PR to notice?
    people mentioned it in the photo forum.
    www.dpsskis.com
    www.point6.com
    formerly an ambassador for a few others, but the ski industry is... interesting.
    Fukt: a very small amount of snow.

  15. #940
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    First ever FRB from within the Milky Way detected. Origin was a previously known and relatively well-studied magnetar, at least partially solving the previously unknown origins of FRBs.

    https://www.livescience.com/fast-rad...milky-way.html

  16. #941
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    Nov 2008
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    Well, since we were so good and bone identification, let's see if any one can come up with an valid explanation for Sudden/Summer Branch Drop. This summer has seen a big jump locally in such mysterious arboreal destruction - neighbor down the street has lost over 60% of the branches on one tree. Was present for one monster drop - dead calm, mid-morning ..... snap, bang down comes an 10" diameter widow maker. Not that I need it in my golden years but yet another reminder of my mortality.

    Guaranteed Nobel in it, for sure.

  17. #942
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    I'm just about done listening to this book and it's amazing. 100% hard science throughout. Also, spoiler alert, 1) literally no one doesn't suffer serious consequences if they get <6 hours of sleep per night; and 2) some people have a gene mutation that allows them to be totally fine with as little as 6 hours/night, but you are more likely to be hit by lightning in your lifetime than to have this gene. Everyone else needs >7 hours no matter what they might say to the contrary.


  18. #943
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    Butters, here's one you may want to look into next:

    https://www.amazon.com/Why-Zebras-Do.../dp/B0037NX018

    It's pretty well written and addresses a lot of issues relating to stress and the stress response, including sleep.

    We used to jokingly refer to Robert as "The Genius" back in my grad school lab. Definitely a smart guy, but no genius.
    Daniel Ortega eats here.

  19. #944
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    Jan 2008
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    Sign of potential for life on Venus.

    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-s...source=twitter

    WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Scientists said on Monday they have detected in the harshly acidic clouds of Venus a gas called phosphine that indicates microbes may inhabit Earth’s inhospitable neighbor, a tantalizing sign of potential life beyond Earth.

  20. #945
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    My first inclination is to say that there is some crazy chemistry happen in Venus' upper atmosphere that is producing phosphine by an unknown abiotic process. But, yeah, that's still pretty rad.

  21. #946
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    Pioneer 13 detected phosphine in Venus' atmosphere in 1978 but no one realized it
    https://www.sciencealert.com/did-nas...not-realize-it

    "We believe it’s going to work."
    https://www.zmescience.com/science/m...ikely-to-work/

    General Relativity remains undefeated and has been quantified in more precise terms than ever
    https://phys.org/news/2020-10-einste...ty-harder.html

    Balanced rocks as "inverse seismometers"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-54374465

  22. #947
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    Plants making the oxygen you breathe.


  23. #948
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    "The mind, once expanded to the dimensions of larger ideas, never returns to its original size."

  24. #949
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    Nov 2008
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    Interesting and I'd be first in line if proven true ...... but gonna file that under vapor-ware for now.

  25. #950
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    Instead of knee replacement surgery, ‘cutting edge’ medicine regenerates cartilage for the joint



    By Marlene Cimons


    October 17, 2020 at 2:00 PM EDT



    Matt Oates, 41, ran competitive track and cross-country in high school and college, then kept on running. He has had a few injuries, most of them minor, except in 2005 when he tore the ACL — the anterior cruciate ligament — in his right knee while playing indoor volleyball. He recovered from surgery, and resumed running.

    In 2019, however, he slipped and fell while frolicking with his young nephew in a natural waterfall during a Memorial Day outing at Georgia’s Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. “I didn’t think too much of it at the time,” says Oates. “My right knee hurt, but I ran through the pain. But my knee would swell, and it was impacting my stride.”

    In January, he finally had an MRI, which showed he had torn his meniscus, a common sports injury to the cartilage that cushions the area between the shinbone and thighbone. But there was more. The scan also revealed an area under the kneecap where the cartilage had worn away, which often portends full-blown osteoarthritis — and possible knee replacement — years later. Unlike bone, which has the ability to heal, cartilage cannot restore itself once injured.

    Until recently, Oates had few options, one of them to give up running entirely with the hope that his knee would not further deteriorate. He couldn’t live with that. “Running is my Zen time,” he says. “I couldn’t take a ‘you can’t run again.’ ”

    Today, however, he says he hopes to benefit from a relatively new and innovative technique that regenerates cartilage from a sample of cells taken from his knee and grown in a lab, where they are embedded on a collagen membrane. The surgeon then implants the membrane back into the knee, where new cartilage tissue forms over time.

    “It’s the first procedure that uses a patient’s own knee cartilage cells to try to regrow cartilage that has been lost or damaged,” says Seth Sherman, associate professor of orthopedic surgery at Stanford University Medical Center and chair of the Sports Medicine/Arthroscopy Committee for the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

    Sherman points out that the approach, approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2016, has been in use for years in other countries with “robust evidence” to support its efficacy. “That’s why I like to use it,” Sherman says. “It’s a huge deal.”

    It’s unclear how many of these cartilage-restoring operations have been performed in the United States since its introduction here, but experts say its use is rapidly growing.

    “There are over a thousand of these procedures performed yearly in the United States,” says Joseph Barker, the Raleigh orthopedic surgeon who operated on Oates. “This new technology is certainly increasing in popularity as more surgeons become aware of it and are trained in performing the procedure. The number of cases has been steadily increasing by about 25 percent a year since 2017.”

    The procedure is among the latest examples of regenerative medicine, a budding field that relies on the body’s natural properties to promote healing and restore function.

    “Regenerative medicine and orthopedic surgery are starting to work together,” says John Ferrell, a D.C.-area sports medicine physician who specializes in regenerative treatments. “Even though its current application is still limited, I see it ushering in a new era of the combination between the two practices, which is very exciting.”

    Barker extracted the cartilage cells while repairing Oates’s meniscus, and implanted the membrane into Oates’s knee in September.

    “The beauty of this procedure — why it is so great and cutting edge — is that you can restore an area that has no cartilage left by putting in a patient’s own normal cells,” Barker says. “When it’s all done, it’s a completely normal knee.”

    The downside is that the treatment requires two procedures — one to remove the cells and a second to put them back — and a long, restrictive recovery period that can take as much as a year before full function returns. Initially, the patient must lie flat in bed (hooked up to a continuous passive motion machine to prevent scar tissue from forming) for as long as six weeks to allow the cells to adhere to the bone and proliferate.

    “Those cells are like newborn babies in there,” says Nicholas DiNubile, a Pennsylvania orthopedic surgeon. “If you put weight on them, they won’t grow.”

    Oates, who underwent the implant on Sept. 8, spent six weeks flat on his back in bed. He has since progressed from two crutches to one, and hopes to be using a cane before the end of the month. He’s also wearing a straight leg brace for the next few months.

    Full recovery — which includes a gradual return to easy daily activities, followed by moderate moves, such as walking or pool running, and then full sports functioning, such as running — takes nine to 12 months following surgery. But experts believe the alternative is worse.

    When the lesions are left untreated, they become larger, often causing damage on the other side of the knee, “and that’s essentially arthritis,” says Barker, who also is a team physician for the Carolina Hurricanes hockey team and North Carolina State University.

    The name of the procedure is a mouthful — autologous cultured chondrocytes on porcine collagen membrane — commonly called MACI.

    “With it, you can hold off and maybe prevent the development of arthritis, as well as a knee replacement,” Barker says. “It’s a significant advancement in the prevention of arthritis.”

    It’s not for those with full-blown osteoarthritis, since there must be normal surrounding cartilage remaining for the implant to heal appropriately. Also, MACI cannot correct the underlying spurs and cysts that can develop with arthritis.

    “By then, it’s too late to use it,” DiNubile says. “You can fix those potholes early on, but you can’t repave the whole road. It’s a way to replace cartilage before it becomes debilitating osteoarthritis, and it’s a game-changer. It’s about saving knees, not replacing them.”

    The ideal candidates are ages 18 to 55, who are physically active and have isolated areas of cartilage loss.

    “The treatments depend less on your actual age, but the age of your joints and your expectations and activity levels,” Sherman says. “MACI can be used on any part of the knee joint, on any cartilage defect in the knee. It preserves the joint, restores the cartilage, allowing the patient to return to his or her sports, or other activities, pain-free.”

    The manufacturer of MACI is Vericel, a company based in Cambridge, Mass., that develops cell therapies. The company cultures the cartilage cells and produces the cell-embedded membrane. To be sure, insurance policies vary, but insurance typically covers some or most of the procedure — which can be expensive — costing about $30,000 or more, experts say.

    Studies suggest it is more effective than another procedure, microfracture surgery, often used before cartilage cell regeneration came along. It involves creating small holes in the bone under the cartilage defect that stimulate the growth of fibrocartilage, a type of cartilage that resembles scar tissue. Fibrocartilage isn’t as strong or durable as hyaline cartilage, the native cartilage found in the knee and the type that MACI produces, experts say.

    “Former high level athletes or college athletes who do pounding sports — football players, soccer players — used to do microfracture surgery,” Ferrell says. “The area would look better at first, but it wouldn’t last. As soon as they started to run and jump and play on it, they would have symptoms again.”

    While so far limited to the knee, experts think eventually the procedure could help restore cartilage lost in other joints, for example, shoulders, ankles or hips.

    “The hope is that this is just the beginning,” Barker says.


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