Good to know, maybe I'll check those out. And yeah toe clips are sketchy AF!

^Yeah that's what I'm thinking of but can't seem to find it. But I think you're right with pulling up only had a noticeable benefit in pedaling efficiency for short bursts, like a road sprint. Here's...

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Yeah, I've rode a bunch of long gravel races with clips. Especially on real loose washboard descents, and this is probably against popular opinion, I'm re-thinking being clipped in on 40mm tires....

Didn't BQ show that you might actually be more efficient over long distances with flats and the ability to move your foot around more freely (so less chance of overuse/fatigue in the same position)?...